Central Asia has become one of the world's most vulnerable regions in terms of water security, with the UN's 2025 World Water Development Report highlighting severe climate change impacts on water availability. The President of Kyrgyzstan warned that freshwater shortages could reach 20–30% by 2050, affecting 82 million people across the region. Climate change and shrinking arable land are driving internal migration, with over 5 million people potentially displaced by 2050. The Aral Sea has shrunk by 88% due to over-extraction, forcing rural communities to relocate. However, 2025 marks a turning point as regional countries shift from competition to cooperation through tripartite agreements and diplomatic initiatives.
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